What is industry 4.0?
Industry 4.0 is the subset of the fourth industrial revolution that concerns industry. The fourth industrial revolution encompasses areas which are not normally classified as industry, such as smart cities for instance.
Although the terms industry 4.0 and fourth industrial revolution are often used interchangeably, industry 4.0 refers to the concept of factories in which machines are augmented with wireless connectivity and sensors, connected to a system that can visualise the entire production line, control, and make decisions on its own.
In essence, industry 4.0 describes the trend towards automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies and processes which include cyber-physical systems (CPS), the internet of things (IoT), industrial internet of things (IIOT), cloud computing, cognitive computing and artificial intelligence.
The concept includes:
- Smart manufacturing
- Smart factory
- Lights out (manufacturing) also known as dark factories
- Industrial internet of things also called internet of things for manufacturing.
Industry 4.0 fosters what has been called a "smart factory". Within modular structured smart factories, cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world and make decentralized decisions. Over the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems communicate and cooperate with each other and with humans in real-time both internally and across organizational services offered and used by participants of the value chain.
History of the Industries (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0)
Industry 1.0
The First Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes using water and steam. It was hugely beneficial in terms of manufacturing a larger number of various goods and creating a better standard of living for some. The textile industry, in particular, was transformed by industrialization, as was transportation.
Fuel sources like steam and coal made machine use more feasible, and the idea of manufacturing with machines quickly spread. Machines allowed faster and easier production, and they made all kinds of new innovations and technologies possible as well.
Small businesses grew in this era. This is the beginning of the industry culture.
Industry 2.0
The first Industrial Revolution represented the period between the 1760s and around 1840. This is where the second industrial revolution picked up. Historians sometimes refer to this as “The Technological Revolution” occurring mainly in Britain, Germany and America.
During this time, new technological systems were introduced, most notably superior electrical technology which allowed for even greater production and more sophisticated machines. The system of mass production model dominates the second industry. The first assembly line was built. It is the time where management program to enhance efficiency (division of labor, just-in-time, lean) was introduced.
Industry 3.0
It began with the first computer era. These early computers were often very simple, unwieldy and incredibly large relative to the computing power they were able to provide, but they laid the groundwork for a world today that one is hard-pressed to imagine without computer technology.
Around 1970 the Third Industrial Revolution involved the use of electronics and IT (Information Technology) to further automation in production. Manufacturing and automation advanced considerably thanks to Internet access, connectivity and renewable energy.
Industry 3.0 introduced more automated systems onto the assembly line to perform human tasks, i.e. using Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC). Although automated systems were in place, they still relied on human input and intervention.This led to formation of supply chain management.
Industry 4.0
The Fourth industrial Revolution is the era of smart machines, storage systems and production facilities that can autonomously exchange information, trigger actions and control each other without human intervention. This exchange of information is made possible with the Industrial Internet of things (IIoT) as we know it today.
It is the boom in Internet and telecommunication. Industry 4.0 merges boundaries of physical and virtual world. Machines communicate more intelligently (no physical and geographical barriers). Smart machines allow industry to completely visualized, monitored, and managed from remote location.
Key elements of Industry 4.0 include:
- Cyber-physical system — a mechanical device that is run by computer-based algorithms.
- The Internet of things (IoT) — interconnected networks of machine devices and vehicles embedded with computerized sensing, scanning and monitoring capabilities.
- Cloud computing — offsite network hosting and data backup.
- Cognitive computing — technological platforms that employ artificial intelligence.
Changes in corporate in business throughout the industries
1. Nokia
1987 - compact phone
1992 - GSM phone
1996 - Banana phone
1999 - WAP browser
2001 - Feature QWERTY keyboard, able to store music, time, infrared, calendar, and FM radio
2002 - GRPS Internet sevice, buillt in camera, and video capture
2003 - intercept 1 tinie banking password, game, and 3G
2004 - 1 megapixel camera, full internet access, roaming
2007 - slider to access buttons, numeric keypad
2008 - GPS, touch screen, and 5MP camera
2011 - notebook
2014 - Android
2. McDonalds
1940
Dick and Mac McDonald open McDonald's Bar-B-Q restaurant on Fourteenth and E streets in San Bernardino, California. It is a typical drive-in featuring a large menu and car hop service.
1948
The McDonald brothers shut down their restaurant for three months for alterations. In December it reopens as a self-service drive-in restaurant. The menu is reduced to nine items: hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips and a slice of pie. The staple of the menu is the 15 cent hamburger.
1949
French Fries replace potato chips and debut Triple Thick Milkshakes on the McDonald's menu.
1954
Multimixer salesman Ray Kroc visits McDonald's in San Bernardino intending to sell the brothers more Multimixers. The 52 year old Kroc is fascinated by the operation. He learns from the brothers that they are looking for a nationwide franchising agent. He has an epiphany and is determined that his future would be in hamburgers.
1955
Kroc opens his first McDonald's in Des Plaines, Illinois on April 15. The attention getting red and white tiled building with the Golden Arches was designed by architect Stanley Meston in 1953. First day sales are $366.12.
1956
Fred Turner, future McDonald's Chairman is hired to work as a counter man for the Des Plaines McDonald's. He would soon become the head of McDonald's Operations defining the quality, service and cleanliness that continue to this day.
1961
Hamburger University opens in the basement of the Elk Grove Village, Illinois, McDonald's restaurant. Graduates receive Bachelor of Hamburgerology degrees.
1961
McDonald’s System, Inc. purchases the rights from the McDonald brothers for $2.7 million.
1965
The Filet-O-Fish sandwich was the first item added to the national menu. Created by Lou Groen, McDonald's Cincinnati franchisee to help build volume in the predominately Roman Catholic community in which his store was located.
1968
The Big Mac, developed by Owner/Operator Jim Delligatti of Pittsburgh, is added to the national menu.
1973
The Quarter Pounder and the Quarter Pounder with Cheese are added to the menu.
1974
The first Ronald McDonald House opens in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1973, Fred Hill, a football player with the Philadelphia Eagles, had the need for such a facility at Children's Hospital in Philadelphia, where his child was being treated for leukemia. Hill’s dilemma led to the first Ronald McDonald House.
1975
The Egg McMuffin, created by Owner/Operator Herb Peterson of Santa Barbara, California is added to the national menu.
1983
Chicken McNuggets are introduced into all domestic U.S. restaurants.
1984
Ray Kroc, Founder and Senior Chairman of the Board of McDonald's Corporation, dies on January 14.
1990
On January 31, the first McDonald’s restaurant in Moscow opens. Located in Pushkin Square, more than 30,000 customers were served on opening day!
1993
The world’s first McCafe´ opens in Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
1995
McFlurry Desserts, invented by Ron McLellan, O/O Canada are added to McDonald’s Canada menu.
2002
McDonald’s published its first ever Social Responsibility Report on April 15, 2002.
2003
McDonald’s first global ad campaign, “i’m lovin’ it” is launched in Munich, Germany on September 2.
2015
McDonald’s USA launched All Day Breakfast.
2017
Global McDelivery Day is celebrated on July 26 to support the global launch of McDelivery with UberEATS.
Preparing for 4.0 Industry
Personalised and improved customer experience
Not only can customers order and pay through the McDonald’s mobile app and get access to exclusive deals, but when customers use the app, McDonald’s gets vital customer intelligence about where and when they go to the restaurant, how often, if they use the drive thru or go into the restaurant, and what they purchase. The company can recommend complementary products and promote deals to help increase sales when customers use the app.
Digital menus that use data
McDonald’s continues to roll out new digital menus. These aren’t just fancier versions of the old menus, these menus can change based on the real-time analysis of data. The digital menus will change out the options based on time of day and even the current weather. For example, on a cold, blustrey day, the menu might promote comfort foods while refreshing beverages might be highlighted on a record heat day. They’ve been used in Canada and resulted in a 3% to 3.5% increase in sales.
Kiosks and interactive terminals
As one solution to the increasing costs of labour, McDonald’s is replacing cashiers in some locations with kiosks where customers can place their order on a digital screen. Not only are labour costs reduced, but the error rates go down.
By the end of 2018, you can expect an ordering kiosk to be available at a McDonald’s near you. McDonald’s France is also testing out interactive terminals. Once a customer places an order they take a connected RFID card associated with the order to their table. When the order is ready, a McDonald’s staff person locates the customers through the RFID card and then delivers their meal to them.
As McDonald’s continues to embrace its data-driven culture, expect to see the company improve performance based on the insights and efficiencies realised from artificial intelligence, big data and robots.
3. Matahari Department Store
PT Matahari Department Store Tbk (“Matahari” or “Company”) has a deep legacy in Indonesian retail. Beginning its journey on October 24, 1958 with the opening of its first outlet, a children’s fashion store, in Jakarta’s Pasar Baru district, Matahari went on to open Indonesia’s first modern department store in 1972. Since then, Matahari has established itself as a truly national brand.
It currently operates 155 stores in 74 cities across Indonesia, with a total retail space of almost one million square meters and has a growing online presence through MatahariStore.com. Since the release in 2015, MatahariMall.com plays a main role in the e-commerce in Indonesia.
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